An IC (Integrated Circuit) can not be repaired and neither it had to be since they come in very cheap cost in comparison to the circuitry they contain. The Question arises in front of us is that how to test an ic and when should we throw or replace the IC.

An electromagnetic relay in its switching principle is a mechanical switch which is operated with a low-power DC voltage. The switch part is used to control high power circuits.

When it comes to experiment with colorful LEDs, students finds it very interesting in using them to build electronics circuits to indeciate current. Because its a priority to use realistic graphics with…

TIME/DIV and VOLTS/DIV to set the time base and volts per div in the oscilloscope